USA

United States of America

The History of the USA

1607 Colonists establish first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia.

1620 Mayflower Compact establishes government by majority will in Massachusetts settlement of Plymouth.

1636 October 28  America's first college, Harvard, is founded at Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1774 September 5 First Continental Congress opens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1775 April 19 First shots of the American War of Independence are fired at Lexington, Massachusetts.

1776 July 4 The 13 colonies sign Declaration of Independence.

1777 October 17 British force under General John Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga, New York.

1778 February 6 France enters into a military alliance with the United States.

1781 October 17 General Charles Cornwallis surrenders British army at Yorktown, Virginia, to combined Franco-American forces under command of American general, George Washington.

1787 May 25 Constitutional Convention meets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to revise Articles of Confederation. New Constitution is adopted by delegates on September 17.

1791 First 10 Amendments, the Bill of Rights, are added to the U.S. Constitution.

1794 Congress passes first postal service law.

1796 John Adams is elected second president.

1812 War of 1812 against Britain begins, The United States wins series of naval victories, but fails in attempts to invade Canada. British burn Capitol and White House in August 1814.

1818 United States and Great Britain agree on unfortified border between Canada and the United States.

1828 Andrew Jackson is elected seventh president, First

US passenger railroad is begun. Noah Webster publishes American Dictionary of the English Language"

1836 Texas wins independence from Mexico, it is admitted as a state to the Union in 1845.

1833 Hussey reaper, followed by MeCormick reaper in 1834, revolutionizes harvesting of grain crops.

1840 Edgar Allan Poe publishes the short story collection. Tides of the Grotesque and Arabesque.

1844 Samuel F.B.Morse sends first telegraph message from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore, Maryland.

1854 Republican Party is formed in Wisconsin.

1855 Walt Whitman publishes "Leaves of Grass".

1857 March 7. Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court holds that Congress cannot bar slavery from territories, nor can slaves be citizens.

1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected 16th president. December 20. South Carolina, followed by six other southern states, secedes from Union in reaction to election of Lincoln, who opposes extension of slavery into western territories. These states organize the Confederate States of America.

1861 April 12. First guns are fired in Civil War at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, over question of southern states' right to secede from the Union.

1863 January 1. President Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation granting freedom to slaves in southern states.

July 1-3 Union forces win major battle at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

July 4 Confederate garrison at Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrenders giving Union forces complete control of Mississippi River.

November 19 President Lincoln delivers historic Gettysburg Address.

1864 Union forces under General William Sherman march through Georgia taking Atlanta, September 1.

1867 Territory of Alaska is purchased from Russia.

1868 Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution for-bids states to deny equal rights to any citizen.

1869 May 10. Golden spike unites Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads at Promontory, Utah, forming first transcontinental railroad.

1870 Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbids denial of right to vote on basis of race or color.

1872 Congress creates first national park - Yellowstone in Wyoming.

1878 First telephone exchange opens.

1879 Thomas A.Edison invents incandescent electric lamp.

1881 President James Garfield is shot by assassin; Vice President Chester A. Arthur succeeds him.

1890 Ellis Island in New York Harbor opens as immigration center. It closes in 1954.

1896 US Supreme Court approves racial segregation under "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson.

1898 War with Spain is declared in April and ends in July. By peace treaty, signed with Spain in December, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines cede to the United States.

1901 September 14 Eight days after being shot, President William McKinley dies; Vice President Theodore Roosevelt becomes president.

1902 Electric Theater, America's first movie house, opens in Los Angeles, California.

1903 December 17 Orville and Wilbur Wright make first successful flights in airplane near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

1908 October 1 Henry Ford introduces efficient, low-cost car, beginning the era of mass production.

1914 August 5 Panama Canal, built across Central America, opens, permitting ships to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific without rounding the tip of South America.

1915 D.W.Griffith's The Birth of a Nation, first full-length feature film, is released.

1928 Warner Brothers' the jazz Singer, first feature sound film, revolutionizes film industry.

1929 October 29 Stock market crash marks beginning of America's worst depression

1933 Under president Roosevelt, federal government launches "New Deal" program to provide work for the unemployed, raise farm prices and stabilize banks in wake of the Great Depression.

1935 Congress passes Social Security Act, providing old-age and unemployment insurance and aid to needy elderly persons, the blind and dependent children.

1936 Franklin D.Roosevelt is elected to the second term as president and, in 1940, to the unprecedented third term.

1939 As Europe plunges into war, President Roosevelt declares American neutrality.

1941 Congress passes and President Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act to aid foes of Nazi Germany.

1944 June 4 Allied forces liberate Rome. 

June 6 Allies land on coast of Normandy, France.

1945 April 12 Roosevelt dies of cerebral hemorrhage; he is succeeded as president by Vice President Harry S.Truman.

1946 July 4 Philippnes gain independence from the United States.

1948 November 2 Harry S.Truman is elected president.

1953 July 27 Armistice to end fighting in Korea is signed following year-long talks.

1959 April 25 Alaska becomes 49th state, Hawaii becomes 50th state.

1960 February 1 Black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, begin "sit in" movement to desegregate departmentstore lunch counters.

1961 May 5 Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. makes first manned U.S. space flight.

1962 February 20 Astronaut John H. Glean Jr. is the first American to orbit Earth.

1963 August 28 More than 200,000 march in Washington, D.C. , in support of proposed civil rights legislation. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers "I Have a Dream" speech.

November 22 President Kennedy is assassinated; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson takes oath as 36th president.

1964 July 2 President Johnson signs Civil Rights Act barring discrimination in public places based upon race or color.

August 7 Congress Basses Tonkin Gulf resolution authorizing military action in Vietnam.

1968 April 4 Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader and winner of Nobel Peace Prize, is fatally shot in Memphis, Tennessee.

May 10 Vietnam peace talks begin in Paris.

June 5 Senator Robert F. Kennedy, brother of the late president, is fatally wounded at Los Angeles celebration of his victories in two state presidential primary elections. November. Richard Nixon is elected 37 president.

1971 Twenty-sixth Amendment to Constitution lowers minimum age to 18 for voting in all elections.

1972 February President Nixon travels to Beijing for meetings with" leaders of People's Republic of China; in May, to Moscow to meet leaders of the Soviet Union. He is the first U.S. president to visit both countries while in office.

May 22 U.S. and Soviet leaders sign first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT 1) in Moscow.

1973 January 27 Four-party agreement on ending war and restoting peace in Vietnam is formally signed in Paris.

1974 May 9 Impeachment hearings against President Nixon begin in House of Representatives on charges of covering up the Watergate break-in.

August 9 President Nixon resigns from office, the first president to do so, and is succeeded by Vice President Gerald R. Ford.

November 23-24 President Ford and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev hold summit talks in Vladivostok (USSR) and reach tentative agreement to limit numbers of strategic offensive nuclear weapons and delivery vehicles through 1985.

1975 July 17-19 U.S. Apollo and USSR Soyuz spacecraft link together in space.

1976 July 4 United States celebrates its Bicentennial.

1979 June 18 President Carter and General Secretary Brezhnev sing Salt II Treaty in Vienna, Austria.

1980 November 4 Ronald Reagan is elected 40th president. Republicans win control of the Senate for the first time since 1952.

1981 April 12 The United States launches the world's first reusable spacecraft, space shuttle Columbia, which successfully orbits the Earth for two days.

1985 November 19 President Reagan meets with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in Geneva.

1988 September 29 Flight of the space shuttle Discovery revives U.S. manned space program.

1991 The Persian Gulf War with Iraq.

1992 500 - Anniversary of Discovery of America.

1992 Bill Clinton was inaugurated January 20 as the 42d president of the US.

1997 Bill Clinton was elected president for the second time.

1999 President Bill Clinton, the second president in the US history was officially impeached. He was judged not guilty of acting illegally. The first president to be impeached was Andrew Johnson in 1868. Richard Nixon resigned the presidency in 1974 to avoid impeachment because of the "Watergate".

Nicknames of the American states

The Yellowhammer State ("штат овсянки" - название птицы) - Алабама,

The Last Frontier ("последняя граница") - Аляска,

The Grand Canyon State ("штат Большого Каньона") - Аризона, 

The Land of Opportunity ("страна возможностей") - Арканзас,

The Golden State ("золотой штат") - Калифорния,

The Centennial State ("штат столетия") - Колорадо,

The Nutmeg State ("штат мускатного ореха" - с намеком на коробейников, продававших подделки под орехи) - Коннектикут,

The Diamond State ("штат-бриллиант") - Делавэр,

The Sunshine State ("солнечный штат") - Флорида,

The Peach State ("персиковый штат") - Джорджия,

The Aloha State ("гостеприимный штат") - Гавайи,

The Gem State ("драгоценный камень") - Айдахо,

The Prairie State ("штат прерий") - Иллинойс,

The Hoosier State ("штат-мужлан") - Индиана,

The Hawkeye State ("штат Соколиного глаза") - Айова,

The Sunflower State ("подсолнуховый штат") - Канзас,

The Bluegrass State ("штат голубой травы") - Кентукки, 

The Pelican State ("пеликаний штат") - Луизиана, 

The Pine Tree State ("сосновый штат") - Мэн,

The Old Line State ("штат старой линии") - Мэриленд, 

The Bay State ("штат у залива") - Maссачусетс,

The Wolverine State ("штат pосомах") - Мичиган,

The North Star State ("штат Северной звезды") - Миннесота,

The Magnolia State ("магнолиевый штат") - Миссисипи,

Show-me State (букв. штат "докажи мне", "на слово не верящий", "штат скептиков") - Миссури,

The Treasure State ("штат сокровищ") - Монтана,

The Cornhusker State ("кукурузный штат") - Небраска,

The Sagebrush State ("полынный штат") - Невада,

The Granite State ("гранитный штат") - Нью-Гемпшир,

The Garden State ("садовый штат") - Нью-Джерси,

The Land of Enchantment ("страна очарования") - Нью-Мексико,

The Empire State ("имперский штат") - Нью-Йорк,

The Tarheel State ("штат чернопяточников") - Северная Каролина,

The Sioux State ("штат индейцев сиу") - Северная Дакота,

The Buckeye State ("штат конского каштана") - Огайо,

The Sooner State ("штат землезахватчиков") - Оклахома,

The Beaver State ("бобровый штат") - Oрегон,

The Keystone State ("штат замкового камня" - замковый камень укладывается последним при возведении постройки. Пенсильвания была последней, 13-й колонией, проголосовавшей за независимость североамериканских колоний) - Пенсильвания,

Little Rhody ("маленький Роди") - Род-Айленд,

The Palmetto State ("штат пальметты") - Южная Каролина,

The Coyote State ("штат койотов") - Южная Дакота,

The Volunteer State ("штат добровольцев") - Tеннеси,

The Lone Star State ("штат одинокой звезды") - Техас, 

The Beehive State ("штат-улей") - Юта,

The Green Mountain State ("штат Зеленых гор") - Вермонт,

The Old Dominion ("старый доминион") - Виргиния, 

The Evergreen State ("вечнозеленый штат") - Вашингтон,

The Badger State ("барсучий штат") Висконсин,

The Equality State ("штат равноправия") - Вайоминг

US Presidents

1. George Washington (1789-1797)

2. John Adams (1797-1801)

3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

4. James Madison (1809-1817)

5. James Monroe (1817-1825)

6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

9. William Henry Harrison (March 4,1841-April

4,1841)

10. John Tyler (1841-1845)

11. James Knox Polk (1845-1849)

12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)

16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

17. Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

18. Ulysses Simpson Grant (1869-1877)

19. Rytherford Birchard Hayes (1877-1881)

20. James Abram Garfield (March 4, 1881 - Septem-

ber 19,1881)

21. Chester Alan Arthur (1881-1885)

22. (Stephen) Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)

23. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

24. (Stephen) Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)

25. William McKinley (1897-1901)

26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

27. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)

28. (Thomas) Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

29. Warren Gamaliel Harding (1921-1923)

30. Calvin Goolidge (1923-1929)

31. Herbert Clark Hoover (1929-1933)

32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945)

33. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

34. Dwight David Eisenhower (1953-1961)

35. John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1961-1963)

36. Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963-1969)

37. Richard Milhous Nixon (1969-1974)

38. Gerald Rudolph Ford (1974-1977)

39. James Earl Carter (1977-1981)

40. Ronald Wilson Reagan (1981-1988)

41. George Herbert Walker Bush (1989-1993)

42. Bill (William Jefferson) Klinton (1993-2001)

43. George Walker Bush (2001—2009)

44. Barack Hussein Obama (2009-2017)

45. Donald John Trump (2017-2021)

46. Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden (2021-2025)

47. Donald John Trump (2025-)

States and their capitals:

Алабама - Alabama (1819) - Монтгомери - Montgomery

Аляска - Alaska (1959) - Джуно. Anchorage

Аризона - Arizona (1912) - Финик - Phoenix

Арканзас - Arkansas (1836) - Литл-Рок - Little Rock

Калифорния - California (1850) - Сакраменто - Sacramento. Los Angeles

Колорадо - Colorado (1876) - Денвер - Denver

Коннектикут - Connecticut (1788) - Гартфорд - Hartford

Дэлавэр - Delaware - первый (1787) - Довер. Wilmington

Флорида - Florida (1845) - Таллахасси. Lacksonville

Джорджия - Georgia (1788) - Атланта - Atlanta 

Гавайи - Hawaii (1959) - Гонолулу - Honolulu  

Айдахо Idaho - Бойсе Boise

Иллинойс - (1818) - Спрингфилд. Chicago 

Индиана - Indiana (1816) - Индианополис - Indianapolis

Айова - Iowa (1846) - Де Мойн - Des Moines

Канзас - Kansas (1861) - Топика. Wichita

Кентукки - Kentucky (1792) - Франкфорт. Louisville 

Луизиана - Louisiana (1812) - Батон-Руж. New Orleans

Мэн - Maine (1820) - Огаста. Portland 

Мэриленд - Maryland (1788) - Аннаполис. Baltimore

Массачусетс - Massachusetts (1788) - Бостон - Boston 

Мичиган - Michigan (1837) - Лансинг. Detroit

Миннесота - Minnesota (1858) - Сент Пол. Minneapolis

Миссисипи - Mississipi (1817) - Джэксон.

Миссури - Missouri (1821) - Джефферсон Сити. St. Louis  

Монтана - Montana (1889) - Хелена. Billings 

Небраска - Nebraska (1867) - Линкольн. Omaha 

Невада - Nevada (1864) - Карсон Сити. Las Vegas 

Нью-Гемпшир - New Hamshire (1788) - Конкорд. Manchester

Нью-Джерси - New Jersey (1787) - Трентон. Newark 

Нью-Мексико - New Mexico (1912) - Санта-Фе. Albuquerque

Нью-Йорк - New York (1788) - Олбани. New York. 

Северная Каролина - North Carolina (1789) - Роли. Charlotte

Северная Дакота - North Dakota (1889) - Бисмарк. Fargo 

Огайо - Ohio (1803) - Колумбус. Cleveland

Оклахома - Oklahoma (1907) - Оклахома-Сити - Oklahoma City

Орегон - Oregon (1859) - Сайлем. Portland 

Пенсильвания - Pennsylvania (1787) - Гаррисберг. State Philadelphia

Род-Айленд - Rhode Island (1790) - Провиденс - Providence

Южная Каролина - South Carolina (1788) - Колумбия - Columbia

Южная Дакота - South Dakota (1889) - Пирр. Sioux Falls

Теннесси - Tennessee (1796) - Нашвилл. Memphis

Техас - Texas (1845) - Остин. Houston 

Юта - Utah (1896) - Солт-Лэйк-Сити - Salt Lake City

Вермонт - Vermont (1791) - Монтпеле. Birlington

Виргиния - Virginia (1788) - Ричмонд. Norfolk

Вашингтон - Washington (1889) - Олимпия. Seattle  

Западная Виргиния - West Virginia (1863) - Чарлстон. Huntington

Висконсин - Wisconsin (1848) - Мадисон. Milwaukee 

Вайоминг - Wyoming (1890) - Шайенн - Cheyenne